Comment: Challenges of land-based fish farms must be part of the debate
JOHN PAUL FRASER / Times Colonist, November 1, 2018
Re: “Why land-based fish farms work,” comment, Oct. 21.
We are both passionate about wild salmon and the jobs salmon farming supports. One in five people working for a B.C. salmon farmer is of First Nations heritage. A 2017 study found B.C.’s salmon farming industry supported 6,600 jobs in 2016, up 33 per cent from three years earlier.
Beyond the jobs, the food salmon farming provides is important. Almost three-quarters of the salmon harvested in B.C. each year is raised on farms. It provides a sustainable alternative to eating wild fish, which are under tremendous pressure from overfishing, climate change and loss of habitat.
Globally, more than half of all fish humans eat comes from farms, and the UN reports that has to increase to relieve pressure on wild-fish species and meet growing demand as we move toward 10 billion people by 2050.
On these key points there is agreement.
We differ, however, in our perspectives on the impacts of salmon farming and the potential for moving out of the oceans to a land-based industry.
The science tells us that ocean-based farms and wild fish can coexist successfully. Our industry is responsibly managing issues such as sea lice to ensure we minimize any impacts on wild fish or the environment.
There is no question that land-based aquaculture is part of the solution to meet growing global demand. I say this because some of B.C.’s land-based operations are already succeeding at this. Several are members of our association.
There is also an opportunity to advance more closed-containment systems in the ocean to complement the expansion in aquaculture needed to meet growing human demand.
Canada’s minister of fisheries and oceans — happily, our first from the West Coast in 16 years — is calling for an open feasibility review focused on bringing higher levels of closed containment technology into our operations. I strongly welcome this. Ocean farmers are innovators, by nature and in nature.
So, my concern is not with land-based aquaculture. It’s with arguments that say it forms the entire solution, and not just an important part of it.
And, further, I object to any suggestion that I was misleading in expressing this concern. The data I put forward about the environmental impacts of moving salmon farms onto land come from an international, publicly available study done just last year by the International Salmon Farmers Association, citing no fewer than 16 other studies and reports and drawing on information provided by 13 organizations around the world.
What these and other new studies coming to light show is the act of moving all farms from ocean to land — as some advocate — carries with it environmental challenges in the use of significant amounts of land, water and electricity that cannot be ignored. Nor should we ignore the job impacts that would surely follow if British Columbians, from Indigenous and coastal communities, could no longer safely raise salmon in our waters.
I thank Chief Svanvik for keeping this conversation going. And I hope, one day, to sit down with him in person to do so.
John Paul Fraser is executive director of the B.C. Salmon Farmers Association.
FYI “Why land-based fish farms work,” comment, Oct. 21.
Island Voices: Why land-based fish farms work
DONALD SVANVIK / Times Colonist, October 21, 2018
TC Link: https://www.timescolonist.com/opinion/op-ed/island-voices-why-land-based-fish-farms-work-1.23470982
Re: “UBCM stacks deck against salmon farming,” comment, Sept. 9.
The ‘Namgis First Nation has a long history of trying to solve the problems open netpen fish farming causes for wild salmon and their environment.
We’ve seen the impact of sea lice, farm waste, lights and nets on salmon fry, clam beds, birds, sea mammals and other marine life.
We also understand the importance of jobs — to the ‘Namgis people and to the people of B.C.
And we’ve been working hard to try to find a way to protect both the environment and jobs.
Many years ago, we stopped fishing anywhere near the Nimpkish River, the heart of our ancestral lands, which had one of B.C.’s big sockeye runs.
A few years ago, we started Kuterra, a commercial, pilot-scale, land-based salmon farm, to disprove the myths about land-based salmon farming.
More recently, we’ve gone to court to make sure salmon fry that are released into open netpens are free of disease. So far, the court has agreed that fish farms stocked with virus-infected smolts could cause irreparable harm. We’re now waiting for a final decision.
And at the moment, we’re having productive talks with the B.C. government and with fish-farm companies to find a safer way to farm fish.
Then we read comments from the B.C. Salmon Farmers Association that have little supporting evidence, or that are just plain wrong.
This is not helpful. Not for wild fish, or the environment or jobs.
First, the technology does exist today to grow large numbers of fish on land. It didn’t exist 30 years ago, and it took Kuterra, and a handful of other pilots around the world, to show the way to full-scale operations.
Now, we have a very large farm being built in Florida, and when all its modules are finished, it will grow 90,000 tonnes of fish a year on a 33-hectare site. That’s almost as much fish as all of B.C. grows right now, on a piece of land much smaller than one square kilometre.
Even using Kuterra’s older, less-compact design, a scaled-up operation to produce 90,000 tonnes would take just over three square kilometres.
The B.C. Salmon Farmers Association says it would take 159 square kilometres. Its number is either a myth or a mystery. In either case it’s very wrong.
There’s also an old myth about water use in land-based fish farming. Land-based operations typically clean and recirculate most of their water, and replace only a small amount on each cycle — typically less than one per cent of the total. And the water that is released is clean. Most water used in land-based farms around the world is disinfected seawater.
Power use is another myth. At Kuterra, electricity isn’t even a top three cost. It’s No. 4 by a large margin. All it takes is good design with energy-saving measures, such as using gravity to help water flow.
On jobs, the figure used by the industry association, 6,600, includes direct, indirect and induced jobs. Land-based salmon farming will employ the same people in indirect and induced jobs, and provide a similar number of direct jobs. For those in direct operations, we expect that most people would rather work closer to home, and not have to spend time away, and burn boat fuel and generator fuel to staff up remote farm sites.
The challenge with jobs is not job loss. Rather it’s job transition, and there are groups working right now on recommendations to make that happen as smoothly as possible in B.C.
Kuterra and other operations have disproved all these myths and more about land-based farming. We’re disappointed that the industry association clearly hasn’t done its homework, or worse, is just reusing old, wildly inaccurate statements, rather than working with us and others to solve the problems we face while at the same time creating sustainable jobs in the new clean, green economy that land-based salmon farming is part of.
Donald Svanvik is hereditary chief and chief councillor of the ‘Namgis First Nation.